Brassicaceae

Barbarea orthoceras

Common Name: Winter Cress
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Banks of streams, wet meadows
Nativity: Native

Stem: 1-6dm, branched, stiff, angled; Lvs: pinnately lobed; basal <12cm, with 2-3 pairs of lateral lobes, terminal lobe ovate; Flrs: petals bright yellow; Fr: erect to spreading-ascending, 2.5-5cm, straight; Seed: more or less 1.5mm

  family:   genus:

Barbarea verna

Common Name: Early Yellowrocket
Life Form: Biennial Herb
Habitat: Uncommon. Damp soils, fields, roadsides
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: 3-8dm, branched; Lvs: pinnately lobed; basal ± 2dm, with (4)6-10 pairs of lateral lobes; cauline with 6-16 pairs of lateral lobes; Flr: petals 5-7 yellow; Fr: ascending, 4.5-8 cm, straight, pedicel stout, >1mm thick; Seed: 1-1.5mm wide, gray/brown

  family:   genus:

Barbarea vulgaris

Common Name: Common Winter Cress
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Disturbed sites
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: 2-8dm, branched above, coarse; Lvs: basal with 1-4 pairs of lateral lobes; Flr: petals 6-8mm, bright yellow; Fr: erect to ascending, 1-3cm, straight; Seed: 1-1.5mm, oblong

  family:   genus:

Brassica nigra

Common Name: Black Mustard
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Fields, disturbed areas
Nativity: Introduced

Plant: hairs sparse to dense, stiff; Lvs: basal pinnately lobed, serrate-dentate; Flr: petals 7-11mm; Fr: erect, 1-2cm, pedicel erect

  family:   genus:

Brassica rapa

Common Name: Field Mustard
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Waste places
Nativity: Introduced

Lvs: lateral lobes 2-4, upper lvs base ±clasping stem; Flr: petals 6-11mm, yellow; Fr: linear, beak 10-15mm, narrowed to a slender style; Seeds: many, 1 row per chamber, very finely netted

  family:   genus:

Capsella bursa-pastoris

Common Name: Shepard's Purse
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Common weed
Nativity: Introduced

Plant: hairs simple and stellate; Stem: erect; Lvs: basal rosetted, subentire to pinnately lobed or dissected; Infl: many-flowered; Flr: petals white, distinctly clawed

  family:   genus:

Cardamine oligosperma

Common Name: Few-seed Bitter Cress
Life Form: Annual, Perennial herb
Habitat: Wet meadows, shady banks, creek bottoms
Nativity: Native

Stems: 1 to several >20cm, branched; short hairs or no hairs; Lvs: many, basal, 1-pinnate, lateral leaflets 5-9; Flr: petals 2-4mm, white; Fr: ascending to erect, 15-25mm, 1-2mm wide

  family:   genus:

Cardamine pensylvanica

Common Name: Bittercress
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Muddy streambanks, seepages
Nativity: Native

Stems: 1-few, branched; Lvs: 1-pinnate, glabrous; basal 0-few, not rosetted; Flr: petals 2-4mm, white; Fr: slender, glabrous

  family:   genus:

Cardaria chalepensis

Common Name: Lens-podded Hoary Cress
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Disturbed, saline soils, fields
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: 2-4dm; hairs below; Lvs: widely oblanceolate to obovate; middle and upper cauline sessile, base lobed, clasping stem; Flr: sepals glabrous; petals 3-4mm; Fr: inflated, not narrowed at septum, glabrous

  family:   genus:

Cardaria draba

Common Name: Hoary Cress
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Waste places, low elevations
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: 2-5dm; haris below; Lvs: widely oblanceolate to obovate; middle and upper cauline lvs sessile, base lobed, clasping stem; Flr: sepals glabrous, margin white; petals 3-4mm; Fr: widely cordate or ovate, glabrous

  family:   genus:

Cardaria pubescens

Common Name: Whitetop
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Waste places, alfafa fields
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: 1-4dm, hairy; Lvs: dentate; cauline sessile, base lobed, clasping stem; Flr: sepals hairy, margin white; petals 2-3.5mm; Fr: ovate, inflated, not narrowed at septum, hairy

  family:   genus:

Descurainia sophia

Common Name: Tansy Mustard
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Dry waste places
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: hairs sparse to dense, branched; Lf: very deeply 2-3-pinnately lobed; Flr: sepals yellow; petals erect, yellow; Fr: 10-35mm, linear; septum 3-veined

  family:   genus:

Hirschfeldia incana

Common Name: Yellow Mustard
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Roadsides, creek bottoms
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: branched from base and above; Lvs: basal rosetted, flat on ground, pinnately lobed; Fr: erect, appressed, glabrous; valves 3-7-veined; beak 3-6mm, flat; Seeds: 1 row per chamber, spheric, reddish brown

  family:   genus:

Lepidium densiflorum

Common Name: Peppergrass, Pepperwort
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Sandy soils, disturbed places
Nativity: Native

Stem: generally 1, erect; hairs minute, flat, obtuse; Lvs: basal rosetted, toothed to pinnately lobed; Flr: petals 0, rarely vestigial, white; stamens 2; Seed: generally margined or winged

  family:   genus:

Lepidium lasiocarpum

Common Name: Hairy-podded Pepper-grass
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Dry flats, washes
Nativity: Native

Plant: hairs rigid; Stem: 1-2(3)dm, branched from base; Lvs: 2-15cm, oblanceolate to oblong, toothed or with obovate to oblong lobes; Flr: sepals 1-1.5mm, widely oblong, pruplish, margin thin, white, lower side generally hairy, petals minute or 0

  family:   genus:

Lepidium latifolium

Common Name: Peppergrass
Life Form: Perennial Herb
Habitat: Waste places
Nativity: Introduced

Lvs: toothed, lower petioled, upper sessile; Infl: panicle; Flr: sepals white; petals white; stamens 6

  family:   genus:

Lepidium nitidum

Common Name: Shining Peppergrass
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Alkaline soils, flats, slopes
Nativity: Native

Stem: slender, branches 0-many; Lvs: basal deeply pinnately divided, segments 6-14; cauline less divided to simple, entire; Flr: petals spoon-shaped, white; stamens 6

  family:   genus:

Lepidium strictum

Common Name: Peppergrass
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Common in hard beaten soil
Nativity: Native

Plant: hairs spreading, simple, pointed; Stem: branched from base; Lvs: basal, lower cauline 1-2-pinnately lobed or divided; Infl: many, crowded; Flr: petals 0 or vestigial; stamens 2

  family:   genus:

Raphanus raphanistrum

Common Name: Jointed Charlock
Life Form: Annual, Perennial herb
Habitat: Waste places
Nativity: Introduced

Plant: hairs sparse; Stem: generally 1, 3-8dm; Lvs: basal 6-20cm; Flr: petals 15-20mm; Fr: 4-8cm (including beak), 3-6mm wide; pedicel ascending, 10-25mm

  family:   genus:

Raphanus sativus

Common Name: Wild Radish
Life Form: Annual, Biennial herb
Habitat: Waste places
Nativity: Introduced

Plant: hairs sparse, rarely 0; Stem: 1, 4-12dm; Lvs: basal 10-20cm; Flr: petals 15-25mm; Fr: 3-6cm (including beak), 5-10mm wide; pedicel spreading to ascending, 10-25mm

  family:   genus:

Rorippa curvisiliqua

Common Name: Yellow Water Cress
Life Form: Annual, Perennial herb
Habitat: Wet damp places
Nativity: Native

Stem: prostrate to erect, 1-4dm; branches many; Lf: 2-7cm, generally oblong-oblanceolate, entire to deeply pinnately lobed; Flr: 1-2mm; sepals spreading; petals yellow; Fr: 6-15mm, <1.5mm wide, upcurved or straight; Seed: finely papillate

  family:   genus:

Rorippa palustris var. occidentalis

Common Name: Yellow Cress
Life Form: Annual, Perennial herb
Habitat: Stream beds, sand bars
Nativity: Native

Plant: 1 dominant stem from base; Stem: 4-10dm, hairs 0 or sparse below; Lvs: basal and lower cauline short-petioled to sessile, 5-20cm, irregularly dentate to deeply pinnately lobed; Flr: petals 1-2.5mm, widely spoon-shaped, yellow; Fr: gen. >2mm wide

  family:   genus:

Sibara virginica

Common Name: Rock Cress
Life Form: Annual, Perennial herb
Habitat: Borders of vernal pools, streambeds
Nativity: Native

Stems: 1-several; Lvs: basal loosely rosetted, pinnately lobed, hairs especially on petioles; Flr: sepals generally purplish; petals spoon-shaped, white; Fr: ascending to erect, 2-2.5cm, 1.7-2mm wide, flat, straight, glabrous; Seed: wing narrow

  family:   genus:

Sinapis arvensis

Common Name: Charlock
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Common weed
Nativity: Introduced

Plant: 2-6dm; hairs at least below, awl- to bristle-like; Lvs: coarsely toothed; lower 5-15cm; upper simple; Flr: petals more or less 10mm, yellow; Fr: 20-35mm, often narrowed between seeds, 5-12 seeded, reddish-brown

  family:   genus:

Sisymbrium officinale

Common Name: Hedge Mustard
Life Form: Annual Herb
Habitat: Waste places
Nativity: Introduced

Stem: 30-80cm, stiff; hairs spreading or reflexed, sharp; Lvs: basal oblanceolate, deeply pinnately or irregularly lobed; Flr: petals 3-4mm, pale yellow; Fr: ascending to erect, 8-15mm, narrowly awl-like, beaked; pedicel erect to ascending, 2-3mm

  family:   genus: